Techniques for Identifying a Patent Foramen Ovale: Transthoracic Echocardiography, Transesophageal Echocardiography, Transcranial Doppler, Right Heart Catheterization.

Division

North Florida

Hospital

North Florida Regional Medical Center

Document Type

Manuscript

Publication Date

11-1-2024

Keywords

Humans, Foramen Ovale, Patent, Cardiac Catheterization, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Echocardiography

Disciplines

Cardiovascular Diseases | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diagnosis | Internal Medicine | Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Noninvasive and invasive imaging modalities play important roles for the detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Transthoracic echocardiography or transcranial Doppler bubble study can be used for initial noninvasive PFO screening. For diagnostic confirmation, transesophageal echocardiography bubble study can be utilized, a semiinvasive confirmatory test that can directly visualize a PFO. In selective cases when the diagnosis is in doubt, PFO can be accurately diagnosed invasively with right heart catheterization. Understanding the advantages and limitations of each diagnostic option will help clinicians choose the appropriate test for patients presenting with a PFO-associated condition who may benefit from percutaneous device closure.

Publisher or Conference

Cardiology Clinics

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