Coral Crisis: Palytoxin-Induced Keratoconjunctivitis in Marine Experts

Division

West Florida

Hospital

Brandon Regional Hospital

Document Type

Case Report

Publication Date

10-28-2024

Keywords

coral toxin, keratoconjunctivitis, marine experts, marine toxin, medical toxicology, palytoxin, poison control, red organ coral, toxicology, toxin-induced keratoconjunctivitis

Disciplines

Disorders of Environmental Origin | Emergency Medicine

Abstract

Palytoxin (PTX or PLTX), a potent and rare marine toxin derived from certain coral species, poses significant risks to human health upon exposure, including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. We present a case report detailing the experiences of two expert marine biologists who inadvertently came into contact with palytoxin while handling marine organisms in a controlled environment. Shortly after exposure, both biologists developed severe keratoconjunctivitis, characterized by acute inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea. Clinical manifestations included intense ocular pain, photophobia, conjunctival injection, and corneal epithelial defects, with symptoms progressing rapidly post exposure. Initial management involved immediate irrigation with a saline solution, followed by topical corticosteroids and lubricants to alleviate inflammation and promote corneal healing. Both individuals responded favorably to treatment, with resolution of symptoms within several days. This report underscores the importance of stringent adherence to safety protocols and awareness among marine biologists regarding the risks associated with palytoxin exposure, emphasizing the need for prompt recognition and appropriate management of ocular manifestations to minimize potential long-term sequelae.

Publisher or Conference

Cureus

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