Significance of Chronic Kidney Disease on Morbidity and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

Authors

Varsha Suresh, University of Central Florida HCA Healthcare GME, Greater Orlando, FL, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine,
Alexis Finer, HCA Healthcare Graduate Medical Education
Aarushi Varshney, University of Central Florida HCA Healthcare GME, Greater Orlando, FL, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine,
Kay Thi Khine, University of Central Florida HCA Healthcare GME, Greater Orlando, FL, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine,
Ishak Mansi, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL.
Abdo Asmar, University of Central Florida HCA Healthcare GME, Greater Orlando, FL, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando VA Healthcare SystemFollow

Keywords

chronic renal insufficiency; chronic kidney disease; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; comorbidity; patient discharge; hospital mortality; critical care; coronavirus infections/mortality; risk factors

Disciplines

Infectious Disease | Nephrology | Virus Diseases

Abstract

Background

Patients with comorbid illnesses are at risk for worse outcomes with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19). Our research examined patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to establish whether it remains an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an electronic patient database in 2020. An observational dataset from 149 hospitals comprising a United States-based health system (HCA Healthcare) was analyzed. Hospitalized patients (N=11 086), aged 18 and above, with a COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction positive result between January 1, 2020, and September 1, 2020, were included in the initial data set.

Primary outcomes were in-hospital death or discharge to hospice in patients with COVID-19. Secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ventilator dependency, development of acute kidney injury (AKI), and in-hospital death. Baseline patient characteristics were recorded, including demographic variables and comorbidities.

Results

A total of 11 086 patients were included in the analysis. The study group included patients with CKD (5543 patients). Patients in the control group (5543 patients) were propensity matched for age, race, sex, and ethnicity. The primary outcome of in-hospital death or discharge to hospice was observed in 20.96% of patients with CKD compared to 11.91% of the control group with an odds ratio of 1.58 (confidence interval 1.37-1.80). ICU admission was required for 37.20% of patients in the CKD group and 21.63% of patients in the control group (P < .001). Ventilator dependency was found in 14.41% of patients in the CKD group and 8.59% of patients in the control group (P < .01). Development of AKI was seen in 5.65% of patients in the CKD group and 2.90% of patients in the control group (P < .01). A logistic regression model confirmed an independent association between underlying CKD and in-hospital death or discharge to hospice in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion

Our study confirms an independent association between underlying CKD and poor outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, including in-hospital death or discharge to hospice.

Recommended Citation

Suresh, Varsha; Finer, Alexis; Varshney, Aarushi; Khine, Kay Thi; Mansi, Ishak; and Asmar, Abdo (2023) "Significance of Chronic Kidney Disease on Morbidity and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19," HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine: Vol. 4: Iss. 6, Article 2.
DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1562
Available at: https://scholarlycommons.hcahealthcare.com/hcahealthcarejournal/vol4/iss6/2